O Father of lights, with Whom is neither variableness nor shadow of turning, from Your hand receive we every gift, each one good and perfect. Naught have we of our own; nothing do we possess that we were not given. Our open hands know not for what they grasp, but discover themselves filled with goodness and blessing from Your bounty.

 You are life; You have life in Yourself; You are the source of all living. Our being, frail and small, races ever toward dissolution. Our little existences, propped up moment-by-moment from without, depend incessantly upon You. Ceaselessly Your life-gift pours into us, else we would straight away unform, undo, and unbe. Without life from Your Life, we could neither stand, nor sense, nor say, nor even sin. Your Life is the light that ignites our own tiny sparks.

 Made like beasts as to our bodies, we share their need for breath. Athirst, we cannot even weep without water. Hungered, we cannot thrive without food. Naked, we cannot abide without cover. Weary, we cannot mend without rest. Your eye, which sees the sparrow’s plight, perceives our want. Your bounty, which clothes the lilies, attends to our lack. From Your good hand receive we bread and breath, hearth and health.

 Made within like You (splendid likeness!) we stand on display, images of Your self-disclosure, each a little lens to focus Your perfections in the eyes of our fellows. Like Your own dance, step-to-three, in eternal, transparent, intertwining compenetration, so do our meetings and partings, our greetings and doings, signify Your personhood. Not made for ourselves, we crave other eyes to peer through us into Your selfless self. Thus we yearn for love and trust and human care, for we are Your image. Before we know our need, You, Who hold counsel from eternity, have already encircled us with multiplied intimacies. Or ever we can speak their names, You grant us parents, brothers, and friends. Before we grasp their purpose, You bestow spouses and children. Delights these are indeed, but not private enjoyments. Lacking their eyes to focus upon You, our little lens would grow dark and our purpose remain empty. Our fulfillment lies in making You seen, in magnifying Your perfections for the eyes of others. We need Him Whom we image; we need also them to whom we image. Your infinite wisdom has foreseen and fore-granted our need in goodness and mercy.

 Mirrors we are, made to reflect your person, but mirrors now shattered. Eager to see ourselves in ourselves, we did twist back upon ourselves and did burst the glass. We cannot paste ourselves back into place, for the broken facets of our visage now reflect a contorted mosaic. Is brokenness better than unbeing? Yet still we bend, and twist, and burst again the shards.

 You might have swept us aside. In what desolate place should we lie, forever contemned, cast out as a danger? What need have You of broken glass?

 But we are not rejected! For He, in Whose likeness we are, came finally to be in our likeness, too. The Original (without ceasing to be original) became image; the Countenance (without ceasing to be the countenance) became mirror. Into our brokenness this Firstborn mediates and radiates the one, flawless representation of Your invisible perfection. Made one of us, but unbroken, He shines as You meant us to shine, and more! For He is we unbroken, and He is You.

 Into the vast, liquid expanse of Your brightness You gather all the broken bits of our shattered visage. To be forgiven is not to be ignored! For the sake of His infinite pain You take infinite pains with every still-reflecting splinter. What we could never repair, He refashions in Himself, and out of brokenness You create variegated vessels of glory, reflecting and refracting perfection in thousand-fold splendor.

 Thus You are making us in Him. From You we receive the forgiveness of sins (so freely! so freely!), not so that we may escape the pains of brokenness, but so that Your countenance may be seen in its utter wholeness. When the glory of Your presence finally bursts upon every eye, our once-shattered fragments, now redeemed and fused and shaped by Your grace, will sparkle and glisten with the manifold perfection of Your being. Finite eyes that could never comprehend the Whole will behold in our multiplied facets each reflected aspect of Your goodness and greatness and glory.

 O Lord Who fills all in all, we marvel at Your great gifts: life and breath, provision and relation, redemption and glorification. These gifts are not many, but one. You have made us for Yourself, to be Your possession, but You have given Yourself to us as our lot and portion. We rejoice, for in the end nothing satisfies us except You, and nothing fulfills us except to be Yours. This is the delight of our souls: to gaze upon You, to behold Your perfection, to lose ourselves so completely in You that we become more truly ourselves than we have ever been, and to know that You are God.

 For Yours is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory forever. Amen.

by Kevin Bauder, President of Central Baptist Theological Seminary

With our current church history class in the Gathering on Sunday mornings I thought it might be helpful if I posted a couple of books for those of you wanting to learn more on church history.  Here is a list of some of my favorite more general and biographical works.  I love history of any kind so if you are looking for a book on a particular group or period or have questions about a particular book on church history then please make that known in the comments and I will help the best I can.

Works on Church History

Church History: An Essential Guide by Justo Gonzalez

At under 100 pages this is a must read for anyone wanting to become familiar with church history.  I would also recommend that pastors and seminarians read through this volume once a year as a quick and simple means of maintaining ones grasp of church history.  If you are looking to get your historical feet wet then this is where to start.

Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity by Mark A. Noll

This is serving as the primary source material for the class that Colby and I are teaching in the Gathering.  Noll takes critical points and persons in church history and explains their importance in a way that helps maintain the flow of the narrative and demonstrate the interconnectedness of these events.  This study has been my first reading of this book and I have really enjoyed it so far.  Any kind of history has the tendency to be overly complex for the average reader but this volume really avoids that by sticking to a few critical events and only the key persons involved in those events.

Biographical Works

Foundations of Grace: 1400 BC – AD 100 & Pillars of Grace: AD 100 – 1564 by Stephen J. Lawson

These two books break up biblical history and church history, up to the reformation, and each chapter focuses on a particular individual or group of individuals and gives you a brief biographical look into their life and times.  Steven is one of my favorite authors and despite being large volumes the chapter divisions make the content very digestible.

Meet the Puritans: With A Guide to Modern Reprints by Joel R. Beeke and Randall J. Pederson

This book basically amounts to an alphabetical listing of incredibly brief, usually three page, biographies of the puritans.  This volume is a great way to learn of and from the lives of these men.

The Swans are not Silent Series by John Piper

The Legacy of Sovereign Joy: God’s Triumphant Grace in the Lives of Augustine, Luther, and Calvin.  The Swans are not Silent Book One

The Hidden Smile of God: The Fruit of Affliction in the Lives of John Bunyan, William Cowper, and David Brainerd.  The Swans are not Silent Book Two

The Roots of Endurance: Invincible Perseverance in the Lives of John Newton, Charles Simeon, and William Wilberforce.  The Swans are not Silent Book Three

Contending For Our All: Defending Truth and Treasuring Christ in the Lives of Athanasius, John Owen, and J. Gresham Machen.  The Swans are not Silent Book Four

Filling Up the Afflictions of Christ: The Cost of Bringing the Gospel to the Nations in the Lives of William Tyndale, Adoniram Judson, and John Paton.  The Swans are not Silent Book Five

These five books are fantastic.  Piper gives excellent biographies and helps us to make application from the strengths and weaknesses of these men of God.  I would highly recommend that you check these out if you are interested in reading some good biographies.  The sermons upon which these volumes is based are also available for free at Desiring God.

Bringing the gospel truth to bear on every area of life is the way to be changed by the power of God.

- Timothy Keller

Someone asked ‘Will the heathen who have never heard the Gospel be saved?’ It is more a question with me whether we — who have the Gospel and fail to give it to those who have not — can be saved.

- Charles Spurgeon

Am

For this very reason, make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue, and virtue with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with steadfastness, and steadfastness with godliness, and godliness with brotherly affection, and brotherly affection with love. For if these qualities are yours and are increasing, they keep you from being ineffective or unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.

(2 Peter 1:5-8 ESV)

Last November I posted and asked if there is anything that you would like to see addressed in our weekly Theology Thursday posts (see here). Anthony Karam took me up on the offer and asked about the age of accountability.

History

Locating information on the historical origins of this concept is difficult to say the least. There are several councils and other writings that make mention of it, often without any elaboration; however, it seems to have been formed within the theological stream of Arminianism as a means to address the origins of personal guilt.

Evaluation

From Scripture it is clear that we have not only inherited Adam’s sinful nature (Psalm 51:5) but his guilt as well (Romans 5:18-19). With that in mind the age of accountability is quite similar to the man on an island argument. Both of them are positing situations whereby God is unable to hold man accountable for what he is; we are no longer liable for what we are. Because of this both of these arguments are theologically problematic. Furthermore, an age of accountability is not clearly delineated in Scripture and finding it as an incipient concept requires much speculation.

Conclusion

What then happens to babies and children who die? There are numerous passages which could be examined; however, I think two will suffice. In Jeremiah 19 the Lord pronounces judgment because of their worship of false gods and child sacrifice. Pertinent to the topic at hand is the description of these children as innocent. In II Samuel 12 David’s son with Bathsheba dies and David indicates his hope explaining, “I shall go to him, but he will not return to me” (v.23).

What these passages and others seem to be indicating is not that infants are not liable for their guilt but rather that God is gracious and glorious. Salvation is not found in our inability to hear (the man on the island) nor in our inability to understand (the age of accountability) but salvation is found at the cross of Christ. David’s hope and the innocence of those sacrificed to Baal are not rooted in their inability to understand but the sufficiency of Jesus Christ.

The heart of the Gospel is redemption and the essence of redemption is the substitutionary Sacrifice of Christ.

- Charles Spurgeon

God’s will is to glorify his Son by making him the conscious focus of all saving faith.

- John Piper

He is no fool who gives up what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose.

- Jim Elliot

Into the storm

God is our refuge and strength,
a very present help in trouble.
Therefore we will not fear though the earth gives way,
though the mountains be moved into the heart of the sea,
though its waters roar and foam,
though the mountains tremble at its swelling. Selah

(Psalm 46:1-3 ESV)

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